Comparative analysis for energy technique and life cycle assessment approach of triticale production with phosphorus solubilizing bacteria

The present article emphasizes the use of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria to support sustainable agriculture. Energy and environmental indicators were significantly affected by the management method of triticale production. The operational plots in Agricultural Institute of Golestan Province, Iran, include the plot without the use of basic fertilizer and the use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (A1) and the plot with the use of triple superphosphate fertilizer at the rate of 50 kg per hectare (A2). Analysis of energy consumption provided significant comparisons. Energy ratio, energy productivity, energy intensity and net energy gain were calculated using standard equations. The lower input energy (7586.11 MJ ha–1) and the higher output energy (10265.06 MJ ha–1) of A1 indicated the appropriate energy ratio of A1 (1.35). Environmental impact management in the agricultural sector is a key factor for the food production chain. Life cycle assessment of triticale product was done by ReCiPe2016 method. The environmental emissions of A1 in the categories of damage to human health, ecosystem quality and resources were lower than A2. Diesel fuel and chemical fertilizer consumption are managed by cultivation conditions by phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. The adverse effects of inputs in A1 conditions on energy consumption and environmental emissions are less visible.