Metagenomics analysis of the gut bacterial microbiome in D2T patients in Misan Governorate, Iraq

The microbiome is the genetic material of all microbes, viz. bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses that live within the human digestive tract; the human gut microbiome co-evolves with its host for thousands of years. Thus, these microorganisms can evaluate any host s health status, including metabolic diseases such as DM2. In this study, thirty-six stool specimens were collected from participant patients (20) and control (16) who attended Alemara laboratory in Misan governorate. The investigation period was from September 2021 to February 2022. The results showed that many types of bacteria in the human intestine belong to the phyla of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacter, Lentisphaerae, Elusimicrobia, and Tenericutes species. Our findings also showed no significant differences in the microbiome between diabetes mellitus type 2 and controls (P=0.099) using different bioinformatics approaches. The Verrucomicrobia (2.9%), Proteobacteria (12.70%) and Fusobacteria (0.47%) display the highest percentages in diabetes mellitus type 2 compared to the control group (0.5, 9.06 and 0%), respectively. The Firmicutes (36.78%), Bacteroidetes (44.89%), Tenericutes (0.195%), and Actinobacteria (0.34%) revealed the lowest percentages in diabetes mellitus type 2 compared with the control group (39.9, 47.6, 1.7 and 0.48%), respectively.