Characterization and In Vitro bioactivity of hydroxyapatite extracted from chicken bones for biomedical applications

Due to low production costs and safety concerns, chicken bones have been the most common alternative source of Hydroxyapatite (HA). this study aimed to investigate the characterization and in vitro bioactivity of hydroxyapatite extracted biological HA from the chicken bone. The bones were washed and boiled in hot water before being calcined for two hours at 200, 400, 600, 800, 900, and 1000°C. The extracted powders were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), and field emission electron microscopy (FESEM). The results showed that the HA phase forms crystals when the chicken bones are heated to 900°C. The crystallinity and crystallite size significantly increased with increasing the heating treatment. The main functional hydroxyl and phosphate groups were found in the HA structure. The shape of extracted HA particles was globular. In vitro dissolution and bioactivity of biological HA were evaluated using simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days at 37°C. After the first day in SBF, the rate of deterioration was at its highest. It then went down gradually. The thickness of the apatite layer was significantly increased with a prolonged incubation period. There is hope that biological HA may be useful in the biomedical field.