Potential usage of Ruta graveolens L. in ophthalmology

Objective: There has been growing interest in medicinal plants due to their therapeutic properties in safe lower doses, despite their unpleasant smell, bitter taste, and toxicity in higher doses. Ruta graveolens L., commonly known as the herb of grace, common rue, rue, ruda, sodab, fijen, and al-suzab is a potential therapeutic candidate with variable healing properties and traditional uses. One of its lesser-known uses is in the treatment of eye conditions. The current study aimed to investigate the ophthalmological potential of Ruta graveolens L. using available scientific literature. Methods: To this end, we extensively searched Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, IranMedex, SID, and Magiran for related literature on the cultural, historical and scientific aspects of Ruta graveolens L. and ophthalmology. Also, traditional Persian medicine books including Al-Qanun Fi Al-Tibb, Al-Hawi Fi Al-Tibb, Al-Abniya, and Ikhtiyarat Badiei thoroughly searched to find the potential application of rue in ophthalmology. Results:  Our historical, literary, and traditional medicine data revealed that R. graveolens L. used in the ophthalmic field probably due to its beneficial effects in the past. Also, there are some modern studies elucidated the beneficial effects of this plant in ophthalmology. Conclusion:  This study suggests that R. graveolens L. plant can be a promising ophthalmic drug due to its specific ocular benefits warranting further research with modern technologies.