The prevalence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss among workers in metal industries in the Sulaimani governorate

Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (ONIHL) is a prevalent occupational health concern, particularly in industries with high noise levels. The aim of this study was to determine the association between total noise exposure time and severity of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2021 and 2023 in the Sulaimani Governorate. A total of 503 people were included in the study. The demographic characteristics, subjective hearing status, and noise exposure outside of work were assessed. The NIHL severity was classified into five categories, and the affected frequency range among workers with NIHL was determined. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the most sensitive frequency for noise damage and the relationship between exposure time and NIHL severity in this population. The majority of workers (434) were in the early adult age group (19-45 years), and 500 were male. 394 workers reported normal hearing, while 109 reported impaired hearing. There was a significant association between the total noise exposure time and the NIHL severity, with 4 kHz being the frequency most frequently impacted (p 0.05). Higher categories of hearing loss severity were correlated with longer noise exposure times. The study revealed a significant prevalence of ONIHL among workers in the metal industry, with most workers experiencing mild to moderate degrees of hearing loss. The findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive occupational health and safety policies and interventions to prevent and manage ONIHL in this population.