Correlation of serum levels of vitamin D3 to the incidence of myopia in children aged 13–15 years in Makassar, Indonesia

Refractive disorders are the most common visual impairment in children, and the majority of them develop into myopia in school-aged children. The onset and progression of myopia are highly multifactorial. Vitamin D is an important factor in the scleral remodeling process. Therefore, this study aims to identify the correlation between serum vitamin D levels and the incidence of myopia in children aged 13-15 years. This work was conducted on myopia children aged 13-15 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria using cross-sectional observation. An anamnesis form was given to the subject’s parents regarding various aspects related to vitamin D and myopia. Ophthalmological examination and blood sampling were carried out on the subject, and then analyzed for correlation with the duration of outdoor activity, the degree of myopia, and the axial length of the eyeball of the subject. The result of this study is that serum vitamin D3 levels have a strong correlation with the duration of outdoor activity (R = 0.79; p = 0.00), degree of myopia (R = -0.84; p = 0.00), and axial length (R = -0.81; p = 0.00). It can be concluded that serum vitamin D3 levels have a correlation with the duration of outdoor activity, the degree of myopia, and the size of the axial length of the eyeball in children with myopia aged 13-15 years.