Effect of superoxide dismutase melon gliadin (𝐶𝑢𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑠 𝑀𝑒𝑙𝑜) on blood serum and vitreoretina levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in diabetic model rat

Chronic hyperglycemic is associated with diabetic retinopathy, which is a type of microvascular complication. This study was conducted to determines the impact of oral Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Melon Gliadin on the levels of blood serum TNF-α as well as the levels of vitreous retina in hyperglycemic rat models. An experimental study was conducted using 28 experimental Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four groups: normal (control), injected with Streptozotocin (STZ) 55 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally (hyperglycemia group), normal rats given SOD Melon Gliadin 50 mg/kg body weight/day per oral, and STZ+SOD (treatment group). After four weeks collecting blood sampling and enucleations, intramuscular anesthesia was performed to terminate rats. ELISA method showed TNF-α levels in serum plasma and vitreous retina were significantly elevated in the hyperglycemic group compared to the control group p 0.05 (p=0.000 and p=0.001), as well as in the hyperglycemia group compared to the treatment group (p=0.002 and p=0.002). IL-1β levels in serum plasma and vitreous retina were significantly elevated in the hyperglycemic group compared to the control group p 0.05(p=0.000 and p=0.000), as well as in the hyperglycemia group compared to the treatment group (p=0.000 dan p=0.000). SOD Melon Gliadin (Cucumis Melo) have an anti-inflammatory effect and able to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α which a result of oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia.