Japanese Sake Yeast Potentially Attenuates Arsenic Neurotoxicity in Male Rats Model: Behavioral, Oxidative Stress, and Immunogenetics Assessment

Background: Arsenic (AS) is widely distributed in our surroundings, causing various health problems like neurological disorders. The current research was designed to investigate the effect of the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory content of sake yeast on the recovery of brain damage in an AS-treated rat’s model with behavioral, oxidative stress, and immunogenetics assessment.Method: Twenty-four male rats were treated with AS (3 mg/kg b.wt. per day) alone or in combination form with sake (45 mg/kg b.wt. per day), and animals received them for 30 days in drinking water (n=6/group). The initial mechanism of action was explored by behavioral tests (rotarod, amphetamine rotation, and spatial memory(, oxidative assay, and histopathology methods.Results: Considering the vehicle group, induction of brain abnormalities by AS significantly (P 0.05) decreased the number of substantia nigra neurons, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity and increased the amount of α-synuclein protein and led to the massive accumulation of malondialdehyde. Meanwhile, sake supplementation can rescue the brain damage caused by this toxic metal, resulting in a reduction of malondialdehyde and α-synuclein protein levels, plus a considerable improvement in blood serum total antioxidant capacity consideration (P 0.05). Activity behavioral tests confirmed the AS-mentioned changes by increasing the number of rotations and rod test time. Histopathology assays mimic the above data.Conclusion: In sum, the sake yeast supplement due to its properties positively influences for improvement of dopaminergic neuron dysfunction via AS damage.