Cytogenetic damage in cells of experimental animals and man induced by accelerated charged particles and cosmic rays

The results of the authorsʹ own research and literature results on Acytogenetic effects in corneal epithelium cells of mice and in human Aperipheral blood lymphocytes in vitro induced by-protons of various Aenergies, low-energy heavy ions, and accelerated relativistic nuclei Aare reviewed. The studies were performed using the accelerators of the AJoint Institute for Nuclear Research. The coefficients of relative Abiological effectiveness of these types of radiation have been Adetermined, and their dependence on various biological and physical Afactors has been demonstrated. This review also presents the results Aof the first studies of chromosomal aberrations in the blood Alymphocytes of astronauts before and after space flights. It has been shown that the frequency of aberrant cells and of chromosomal Aaberrations increases after long space flights. The damage to the Ahereditary apparatus of cells due to exposure to ionizing radiation Amay lead to undesirable consequences in the distant future. © 7999 American institute of Physics.