Effect of sawtooth oscillations on energetic ions*

The results are summarized of studies on energetic ion transport induced by sawtooth oscillations in tokamaks. The main attention is paid to a description of the physical mechanisms responsible for this transport. In addition to an overview, new material is also presented. The new results concern the resonant interaction of the particles and the electromagnetic field of sawtooth crashes. In particular, it is discovered that the dominant harmonic of the crashes (m = n = 1) can lead to stochastic motion of particles with large orbit widths (`potatoʹ orbits). The regular motion of potato orbits and quasistagnation particles in the presence of an n = 1 mode is studied, and their characteristic displacements associated with quick switching on and off of the mode are found.