Experimental evidence of the cross-section warping in short composite beams under three point bending

The bending behaviour of axisymmetric laminated composite shells with a cutout has been investigated using the finite element method based on a higher-order shear deformation theory. The governing equations and the finite element formulation are presented in Part I. Results are presented showing the distributions of deflection and stresses in orthotropic and laminated symmetric/anti-symmetric axisymmetric spherical shells with a central circular cutout with simply supported and clamped boundary conditions subjected to uniform normal pressure.