PH--Postharvest Technology Mechanization and Sustainability in Arable Farming in England

Mechanization is a key component of modern farming. Although the direct and indirect links between mechanization and the sustainability of arable farming are recognized, they are not well defined. A framework based on the use of environmental, social and economic indicators was developed to assess the degree of sustainability of two typical arable farms in Bedfordshire, England. The indicators were defined in three broad categories: those directly associated with mechanization such as energy use, soil compaction and emissions to air; those indirectly linked with mechanization as an agent of intensive farming, such as the risks associated with the application of chemical inputs and the decline in soil organic matter; and those reflecting the impacts of mechanization such as labour employment, accidents, and the financial performance of farms. The study confirmed strong links between dominant mechanization practices and the sustainability of arable farming, especially regarding environmental performance. While it was possible to identify relevant mechanization-related indicators which show the degree of sustainability of mechanized farming, it was not possible to define critical values for these indicators in order to determine whether or not mechanized practices were absolutely sustainable. The study draws attention to the need to better define relevant performance indicators, compile baseline and benchmark values for major farm types, and to advise farmers on strategies for increasing the degree of sustainability through improved mechanization practices.