Analytic model of the measurement errors caused by communications delay

The protocols and communication systems used in the control of electric networks create delays due to various factors such as limitation of the transmission speed, retransfer among nodes, processing time, etc. These delays introduce some errors in the measurements used in the control center which depend on the magnitude of the delay and the evolution of the measurements. In this paper, an analytic model of the relationship between measurement error and delay is presented. The validity of the model is compared with experimental data from an electric network.