Septic tanks: Problems and practice

Septic tanks are widely used throughout the world, particularly for dwellings without access to main drainage. However, tanks do suffer from a number of common problems principally associated with poor location, poor maintenance or inadequate drainage field design. Responsibility for these installations in the U.K. is divided between planning authorities, the National Rivers Authority, building inspectors, environmental health officers and owners. Currently no single authority is prepared or able to prevent installation in an unsuitable location or to maintain control over routine maintenance. Problems with old installations can only be dealt with retrospectively and several factors make it difficult to reduce occurrence of avoidable problems with new installations. Options for improved practice, without changing legislation, are proposed.