The transport of discrete solids in above ground near horizontal drainage pipes: A wave speed dependent model

The satisfactory transportation of waste solids away from habitable spaces is an important factor in the assessment of a drainage design. Waste solids in building drainage systems may still be considered as discrete, subject to a system of forces including hydrostatic, mass, buoyancy and frictional components. Historical difficulties in measuring solid velocity have been addressed with the design of an innovative measuring system based on an infra-red pick-up device. A series of empirically derived expressions were developed to describe single solid transport in any flow regime based on the Mach number of the solid in the surrounding flow.