Biosorption of Pb(II) and Cr(III) from aqueous solution by lichen (Parmelina tiliaceae) biomass

The biosorption characteristics of Pb(II) and Cr(III) ions from aqueous solution using the lichen (Parmelina tiliaceae) biomass were investigated. Optimum biosorption conditions were determined as a function of pH, biomass dosage, contact time, and temperature. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of the metal ions by P. tiliaceae biomass. Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The monolayer biosorption capacity of P. tiliaceae biomass for Pb(II) and Cr(III) ions was found to be 75.8 mg/g and 52.1 mg/g, respectively. From the D–R isotherm model, the mean free energy was calculated as 12.7 kJ/mol for Pb(II) biosorption and 10.5 kJ/mol for Cr(III) biosorption, indicating that the biosorption of both metal ions was taken place by chemical ion-exchange. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (DG , DH and DS ) showed that the biosorption of Pb(II) and Cr(III) ions onto P. tiliaceae biomass was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic under examined conditions. Experimental data were also tested in terms of biosorption kinetics using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results showed that the biosorption processes of both metal ions followed well pseudo-second- order kinetics