Analysis on waste-heat transportation systems with different heat-energy carriers

The transport of what would otherwise be waste-heat (at temperatures between 30°C and 300°C) through pipelines using as an energy carrier either methanol or hydrogen gas has been studied. By using numerical models, the relative costs of new kinds of waste-heat transportation systems are evaluated and compared with those using vapor or hot water, which have been the major energy-carriers in pipeline transmission systems until now. Also, environmental regulations and a carbon tax are investigated as incentives for introducing these systems.