Probabilistic steady-state security analysis including (sub)station generated contingencies

A method is suggested for modeling (sub)station generated common-cause outages for properly ranking contingencies affecting power system steady-state security. The method and the security indices proposed are based upon the Markov state transition model of the power system which makes it possible to include probability weighted impact factors for appropriate contingency ranking and selection. An illustrative real-life example is also included, demonstrating the relevance of (sub)station associated contingencies for a proper security analysis.