Thermal performance evaluation of precast concrete three-wythe sandwich wall panels

Precast concrete sandwich wall panels are commonly constructed of two wythes of concrete separated by a layer of thermal insulation. In these two-wythe panels, solid concrete regions are often provided for embedded hardware for lifting, handling, and connections, or to provide composite action. These solid concrete regions can have a significant adverse impact on the thermal performance of the panels. This research was directed towards the development of precast concrete three-wythe sandwich wall panels with potential improved thermal and structural performance. A three-wythe panel has three concrete wythes and two insulation layers, and all three concrete wythes are connected by solid concrete regions. However, the connections between successive concrete wythes are staggered in location so that the total thermal path length through the concrete is extended.