Die shape optimal design in three-dimensional shape metal extrusion by the finite element method

A new approach to die shape optimal design in shape extrusion is presented. In this approach, the design problem is formulated as an optimization problem incorporating the three-dimensional Þnite element analysis model, and optimization of the die shape is conducted on the basis of the design sensitivities. The approach is applied to the determination of the die shapes for extrusion of parts with various cross sections including polygons and T sections