Constitutive relation errors for F.E. analysis considering (visco-) plasticity and damage

A posteriori error estimators based on constitutive relation residuals are developed to measure the quality of :nite element computations of structures which exhibit plastic=viscoplastic behaviour with softening. All the classical error sources involved in the computation over the studied time interval are taken into account: thespacediscre tization (theme sh), thetimediscre tization and theite rativete chniqueuse d to solvethenon-line ar discreteproble m