Buoyancy potential conserving technique for dynamic analysis of offshore pipes and risers

The paper describes the midpoint algorithm for the solution of dynamic equilibrium equations in the marine environment for the non-linear dynamic analysis of flexible pipes and riser systems in 3D configuration. It has been shown that proposed method has an advantage over traditional time marching method by means of long-term stability and larger time steps. The mid-point algorithm used for the time integration is considered ‘approximate buoyancy-energy conserving algorithm’. Emphasis is placed on elements that use the Reissner–Simo beam theory or a related co-rotational approach