Viscosities of Multicomponent Silicate Melts at High Temperatures

In the present work; the viscosities in the quaternaries CaO–FenO–MgO–SiO2, FenO-MgO-MnO-SiO2, and CaO-MgO-MnO-SiO2 and the quinary CaO FenO-MgO-MnO SiO2 were studied. The experimental technique employed was the well-established rotating cylinder method, using a Brookfield digital viscometer mouInted over a specially designed graphite furnace. Generally, iron crucibles were used along with iron spindles. Periodic calibrations of the experimental setup were made using the standard reference slag recommended by the European Union. The measurementʹs were carried out up to a maximum temperature of 1773 K in all cases. The reliability of the measurements were checked at different rotation speeds as well as during thermal cycling, and excellent reproducibility of the results was noted. The experimental viscosity values were incorporated into a viscosity model. Equations based on the model for calculating the viscosities of the quarternary systems CaO–FenO–MgO– SiO2, FenO–MgO–MnO–SiO2, and CaO–MgO–MnO–SiO2 and the quinary system CaO–FenO–MgO–MnO–SiO2 are provided.