An Improved Antiserum for Sensitive Serologic Detection of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus

A Syrian chickpea isolate of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV; genus Mastrevirus, family Geminiviridae) was purified and yielded 0.6–0.8 mg of purified virus per kg of infected chickpea tissue. The purified preparations were injected into a rabbit and an antiserum of good quality was obtained and used to evaluate different serological tests for the detection of CpCDV in infected chickpea leaf tissue and extracts. CpCDV was detected in sap dilutions of 1/640 by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and dot-blot ELISA, and in sap dilutions of 1/1280 by direct antigen-coating (DAC)-ELISA using CpCDV immunoglobulin G (IgG) at 0.5 lg/ml. The antiserum was also able to detect the capsid protein of CpCDV by Western blot using raw antiserum at a dilution of 1/2000. The CpCDV raw antiserum (third bleeding) produced had a titre of 1/320 000 when determined by tissue-blot immunoassay (TBIA); whereas, coating ELISA plates with CpCDV IgG at a concentration of 0.004 lg/ml was enough to detect the virus by DAS-ELISA in a sap dilution of 1/20 using an enzyme conjugate at a dilution of 1/2000.