Inducible Proteins in Citrus Rootstocks with Different Tolerance Towards the Root Rot Pathogen Phytophthora palmivora

Activities of defence-related proteins (b-1,3-glucanases, chitinases and peroxidases) and concentrations of total soluble phenolics were measured in roots and leaves of non-infected and infected plants to investigate the response of different citrus rootstock genotypes to the root rot pathogen Phytophthora palmivora Butler. Infection with the pathogen increased concentrations of total proteins, total phenolics and b-1,3-glucanase activity in roots of all genotypes, and increases were associated with the extent of root mass reductions and thus susceptibility of the plants. Root chitinase and root peroxidase levels were slightly reduced or unaltered upon infection. b-1,3-Glucanase activity was also elevated in leaves of infected plants, but increases did not differ between tolerant and susceptible rootstocks. Effects of root infection on leaves were typically the reverse of effects on roots for chitinase- and peroxidase levels and more pronounced in susceptible rootstock genotypes. Although differences in enzyme expression were observed between susceptible and tolerant citrus seedlings, effects were usually associated with disease progression, and not with resistance to P. palmivora. It is suggested that increased activities of the proteins and soluble phenolics studied are not implicated in the primary defence to Phytophthora root diseases, but may contribute to the inhibition of the pathogen during infection in tolerant citrus.