Forest genetics: pattern and complexity

The study of gene effects requires both reductionist and integrationist approaches to discern even simple effects as well as the multiple effects of single genes and the effects of multiple genes on phenotypes. Evolutionary genetics also requires use of both approaches to discern the mixed patterns of genotypic distributions that we observe in forest tree species. While this evolutionary dynamic does not necessarily generate a stable system, it has generally provided a diversity that can be used to design efficient breeding and conservation programs. The management of such programs, however, also requires us to develop a conservation ethic.