Measurements of radiant emissive power and temperatures in crown fires

This study presents spatially and temporally resolved measurements of air temperatures and radiant energy fluxes in a boreal forest crown fire. Measurements were collected 3.1, 6.2, 9.2, 12.3, and 13.8 m above the ground surface. Peak air temperatures exceeded 1330 (degree)C, and maximum radiant energy fluxes occurred in the upper third of the forest stand and reached 290 kW·m^–2. Average radiant flux from the flames across all experiments was found to be approximately 200 kW· m–2. Measured temperatures showed some variation with vertical height in the canopy. Equivalent radiometric temperatures calculated from radiant heat flux measurements exceeded thermocouple-based temperatures for all but the 10-m height, indicating that fire intensity estimates based on thermocouple measurements alone may result in underestimation of actual radiant intensity. The data indicate that the radiative energy penetration distance is significantly longer in the forest canopy than in the lower levels of the forest stand.