Rechargeable carbon anode

The electrochemical intercalation of lithium into carbon materials is discussed in terms of the effect of different parameters of the crystal structure and surface modifications of carbon to reduce the reaction of carbon with electrolyte solvents. The lithium intercalation capacity in the carbon materials prepared from the same raw materials and by the same preparation methods depends on the heat-treatment temperature. A higher capacity is obtained in the carbons prepared at higher temperatures, which have a graphite structure. The graphite is more reactive in reaction with organic solvents. The reaction of the graphite with solvents is reduced by a pretreatment of the carbon materials with acid and hydrazine.