Predicting lead–acid battery electrode performance using finite difference equations

This paper presents a computer model that includes the effects of paste conductivity and electrolyte diffusion on the capacity of lead acid batteries. The model simulates the discharge of a complete cell by using finite difference equations to represent electrolyte diffusion in the positive and negative plates as well as in the space between them. The critical volume fraction relates the maximum amount of active material that can be reacted before the paste conductivity limits the reaction. The model uses this and other physical parameters to predict cell capacity. These predictions are then compared with experimental results.