A study of the surface morphology of a disordered carbon electrode

The change in the morphology of a discharged disordered carbon electrode surface is observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is found that a stable film with a ‘hill-likeʹ structure is formed on the surface after the first charge and discharge processes. The thickness of the film is between 60 and 200 nm. The film is much thicker than that formed on the surface of either a lithium metal anode or a graphite electrode.