Year 2000 R&D status of large-scale lithium ion secondary batteries in the national project of Japan

LIBES has investigated new Ni–Co and Mn cathodes, such as LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 and Li-rich LiMn2O4 cathodes, and graphite compound anodes whose performance exceeds that of a single graphite anode, such as graphite–coke, Ag-deposited graphite and graphite-hard carbon anodes, to develop batteries with high capacity, long cycle life, and with less or no content of Co. It has also developed large-scale lithium ion secondary batteries for dispersed energy storage. Parameters such as battery capacity and energy efficiency have already achieved their original targets for both types. Specific power has also reached its target in the battery module level for electric vehicles (EV) purpose.