Surface modification of graphite anodes by combination of high temperature gas treatment and silylation in nonaqueous solution

Graphite surface modification by silylation in nonaqueous solution has been examined. Silane coupling with hydroxyl-containing carbon surface species, such as hydroxyl-groups and adsorbed water is assumed to be the main surface reaction introduced by this modification treatment. In terms of reduced irreversible charge losses, best results were obtained when graphites pre-oxidized in oxygen atmosphere at elevated temperatures have been silylated.