4-Bromobenzyl isocyanate versus benzyl isocyanate—New film-forming electrolyte additives and overcharge protection additives for lithium ion batteries

Electrochemical properties and working mechanisms of benzyl isocyanate compounds as polymerizable electrolyte additives for overcharge protection of lithium ion batteries have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge cycling, overcharge tests, accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS). The overcharge and FTIRS data clearly reveal that 4-bromobenzyl isocyanate (Br-BIC) can electrochemically polymerize at 5.5 V (versus Li/Li+) to form an overcharge-inhibiting (probably insulating) film on the cathode surface. In addition, is found the Br-BIC does slightly improve the charge/discharge performance of a lithium ion battery. Furthermore, Br-BIC and benzyl isocyanate show beneficial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation behaviour on graphite in propylene carbonate based electrolyte solutions.