Author/Authors :
D. P. Abraham، نويسنده , , J. Liu، نويسنده , , C. H. Chen، نويسنده , , Y. E. Hyung، نويسنده , , P. M. Stoll، نويسنده , , N. Elsen، نويسنده , , S. MacLaren، نويسنده , , R. Twesten، نويسنده , , R. Haasch، نويسنده , , E. Sammann، نويسنده , , I. Petrov، نويسنده , , K. Amine، نويسنده , , Jesper G. Henriksen، نويسنده ,
Abstract :
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) need long-lived high-power batteries as energy storage devices. Batteries based on lithium-ion technology can meet the high-power goals but have been unable to meet HEV calendar-life requirements. As part of the US Department of Energy’s Advanced Technology Development (ATD) Program, diagnostic studies are being conducted on 18650-type lithium-ion cells that were subjected to accelerated aging tests at temperatures ranging from 40 to 70 °C. This article summarizes data obtained by gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, electron microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques, and identifies cell components that are responsible for the observed impedance rise and power fade.
Keywords :
Calendar-life , microscopy , Spectroscopy , chromatography
