A mixed multi-field finite element formulation for thermopiezoelectric composite shells

Analytical formulations are presented which account for the coupled mechanical, electrical, and thermal response of piezoelectric composite shell structures. A new mixed multi-®eld laminate theory is developed which combines ``single layerʹʹ assumptions for the displacements along with layerwise ®elds for the electric potential and temperature. This laminate theory is formulated using curvilinear coordinates and is based on the principles of linear thermopiezoelectricity. The mechanics has the inherent capability to explicitly model both the active and sensory responses of piezoelectric composite shells in thermal environments. Finite element equations are derived and implemented for an eight-noded shell element. Numerical studies are conducted to investigate both the sensory and active responses of piezoelectric composite shell structures subjected to thermal loads. Results for a cantilevered plate with an attached piezoelectric layer are compared with corresponding results from a commercial ®nite element code and a previously developed program. Additional studies are conducted on a cylindrical shell with an attached piezoelectric layer to demonstrate capabilities to achieve thermal shape control on curved piezoelectric structures. Published by Elsevier Science Lt