Rotation sensitivity of waves propagating in a rotating piezoelectric plate

The rotation effect on the characteristics of waves propagating in a piezoelectric plate is studied in the framework of linear piezoelectricity including Coriolis and centrifugal forces. The rotation sensitivity of the wave dispersion relations is analyzed in details for polarized ceramic plates and for the lowest thickness-shear and the lowest thickness-twist waves because of the particular importance of these modes for gyroscope applications. The analysis shows that the frequency shifts monotonically with the increasing rotation rate and the rotation sensitivity of long waves is substantially greater than that of short waves. Generally, plates with shorted electrode surfaces have higher rotation sensitivity than plates with free-charge surfaces. For long waves and for small rotation rate relative to the wave frequency, the frequency shifts with rotation rate, linearly for plates with shorted electrode surfaces and nonlinearly with a nearly flat initial tangent for plates with free-charge surfaces. These rotation sensitivity characteristics are of interest for the development of rotation sensors and other piezoelectric devices for which frequency insensitivity to rotation is desired.