Author/Authors :
Sarah Gibson، نويسنده , , Christina Fyock، نويسنده , , Eric Grimson، نويسنده , , Takeo Kanade، نويسنده , , Ron Kikinis، نويسنده , , Hugh Lauer، نويسنده , , Neil McKenzie، نويسنده , , Andrew Mor، نويسنده , , Shin Nakajima، نويسنده , , Hide Ohkami، نويسنده , , Randy Osborne، نويسنده , , Joseph Samosky، نويسنده , , Akira Sawada، نويسنده ,
Abstract :
Surgical simulation has many applications in medical education, surgical training, surgical planning and intra-operative assistance. However, extending current surface-based computer graphics methods to model phenomena such as the deformation, cutting, tearing or repairing of soft tissues poses significant challenges for real-time interactions. This paper discusses the use of volumetric methods for modeling complex anatomy and tissue interactions. New techniques are introduced that use volumetric methods for modeling soft-tissue deformation and tissue cutting at interactive rates. An initial prototype for simulating arthroscopic knee surgery is described which uses volumetric models of the knee derived from 3-D magnetic resonance imaging, visual feedback via real-time volume and polygon rendering, and haptic feedback provided by a force-feedback device.
