Artificial composite bone as a model of human trabecular bone: The implant–bone interface

The use of artificial bones in implant testing has become popular due to their low variability and ready availability. However, friction coefficients, which are critical to load transfer in uncemented implants, have rarely been compared between human and artificial bone, particularly for wet and dry conditions. In this study, the static and dynamic friction coefficients for four commercially used titanium surfaces (polished, Al2O3 blasted, plasma sprayed, beaded) acting on the trabecular component of artificial bones (Sawbones®) were compared to those for human trabecular bone. Artificial bones were tested in dry and wet conditions and normal interface stress was varied (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 MPa). Friction coefficients were mostly lower for artificial bones than real bone. In particular, static friction coefficients for the dry polished surface were 20% of those for real bone and 42–61% for the dry beaded surface, with statistical significance (α<0.05). Less marked differences were observed for dynamic friction coefficients. Significant but non-systematic effects of normal stress or wet/dry condition on friction coefficients were observed within each surface type. These results indicate that the use of artificial bone models for pre-clinical implant testing that rely on interface load transfer with trabecular bone for mechanical integrity can be particularly sensitive to surface finish and lubrication conditions.