Integrating personality and intelligence: Typical intellectual engagement and need for cognition

Goff and Ackerman’s (1992) Typical Intellectual Engagement scale and the Need for Cognition scale (Cacioppo, Petty, & Kao, 1984) correlated with each other near the limits of their reliabilities, and were quite interchangeable in convergent–discriminant relations with other variables. We argue that these two scales may be measuring essentially the same personality characteristics that are specifically related to intelligence.