Potential new endoscopic techniques for the earlier diagnosis of pre-malignancy

Light interacts with tissue in a variety of ways, including absorption, fluorescence, elastic scattering and Raman scattering. These interactions enable a number of promising technologies for endoscopic diagnosis of pre-malignancy, including chromoscopy; fluorescence, scattering and Raman spectroscopies; and optical coherence tomography. Although still in various stages of technical development and clinical trials, these optical diagnostic techniques are demonstrating strong potential to significantly enhance the clinical endoscopistʹs ability to detect dysplasia in gastrointestinal mucosae.