Innate immune ‘self’ recognition: a role for CD47–SIRPα interactions in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Self–nonself discrimination is a central property of the immune system. This paradigm was originally established in the context of tissue transplantation, leading to the discovery of major histocompatibility complex molecules as signals of ‘self’. However, accumulating evidence has shown that innate immune cells are regulated in a similar fashion. Recent evidence has suggested that interactions between the ‘self’ molecule CD47 and the innate inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein-α expressed on macrophages may be a critical determinant of transplant engraftment, supporting the concept that ‘self’-awareness is a general property of all immune cells.