The association of circulating endotoxaemia with the development of multiple organ failure in burned patients

In this study, we examined the relationship of plasma endotoxin levels to the development of multiple organ failure (MOF), and the outcome in patients with thermal injury. A prospective cohort study of 17 patients admitted with burns covering more than 70 per cent of body surface area was undertaken. Circulating endotoxin concentrations were measured by modified limulus amoebocyte lysate assay in serial samples of plasma. Seven out of 17 burned patients developed MOF according to multiple criteria. The plasma endotoxin concentrations of patients with MOF were 0.512 – 1.127 EU/ml, which were significantly higher than that of 10 patients without MOF (0.216 – 0.553 EU/ml), on 3, 14, 21 and 28 days postburn (p < 0.05−0.01). A significantly higher incidence of positive endotoxin tests (≥ 0.120 EU/ml) was found in patients who developed MOF as compared to those patients who did not develop MOF during the observation period (p < 0.05). As the mean endotoxin levels increased, the incidence of MOF and death rate also increased, and persistent endotoxemia carried a poor prognosis. The present investigation provides further evidence that endotoxemia in severely burned patients commonly occurs. Circulating endotoxin has also been found to be strongly associated with the development of MOF and mortality following major burn injury.