Clinical significance of antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies in the so-called “seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome”

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity associated with the presence of laboratory criteria such as antibodies directed towards cardiolipin or beta2-GPI and lupus anticoagulant. Recently, the term “seronegative APS “ has been proposed to define patients with the typical clinical manifestations but with negative serologies. One explanation for such a context could be that some APS patients may only have antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) other than the admitted laboratory criteria. This review is focused on antibodies directed against phosphatidylethanolamine (aPE) and underlines the interest of their investigation in the different clinical manifestations of APS.