Autoantibodies in patients with Alzheimerʹs disease: pathogenetic role and potential use as biomarkers of disease progression

Growing evidence suggests that autoantibodies specific to distinct molecular antigens are present in sera or cerebrospinal fluids from patients with Alzheimerʹs disease (AD). They could have a protective (i.e., anti-β-amyloid) or a pathogenetic role (i.e., anti-GM1 or anti-ATP synthase) but, in any case, they might be considered as useful diagnostic or prognostic markers of the disease. In this review, we briefly summarize the autoantibodies known to be detectable in patients with AD and we discuss their potential role in the pathogenesis of the disease, as well as their potential use as peripheral blood biomarkers.