Glucagon-like peptide-1 evokes action potentials and increases cytosolic Ca2+ in rat nodose ganglion neurons

We previously reported that the intraportal appearance of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) facilitates the afferent activity (the spike discharge firing rate) of the rat hepatic vagus in a dose-dependent fashion. To examine whether GLP-1 directly activates single neurons isolated from the rat nodose ganglion, GLP-1-induced changes of the membrane potential and cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in the cells were measured using whole-cell patch-clamp and microfluorometric techniques, respectively. GLP-1 application (3×10−12–3×10−9 M) induced a gradual depolarization from a mean resting membrane potential of −55.0±3.1 mV and evoked a burst of action potentials with a time lag of 7.5±4.5 min after its starting (n=4). The burst of action potentials continued during the application and even up to 13 min or more after its cessation. GLP-1 at a concentration of 10−12–10−8M induced an increase of [Ca2+]i. The GLP-1-induced [Ca2+]i responses were often oscillatory and lasted even up to 10 min or more after the washout of GLP-1. An adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, mimicked the GLP-1-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. The present results indicate that GLP-1 activates nodose ganglion neurons as manifested by membrane depolarization, a burst of action potentials and [Ca2+]i increase, possibly via the cAMP pathway. Together with our previous observations, the results strongly suggest cellular mechanisms by which the postprandial humoral information, intraportal appearance of GLP-1, is uniquely converted to the neural information in the hepatoportal area.