Gene expression profiling of adrenal cortical tumors by cDNA macroarray analysis. Results of a preliminary study

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) are highly malignant tumors with poor prognosis. To verify if it is possible to assess their differential gene expression by a cDNA macroarray analysis using RNA extracted from paraffin sections, we analyzed two different cohorts of adrenal cortical adenoma (ACA) and ACC. Paraffin sections of seven ACC and seven ACA were analyzed. Transcriptional profiles were generated by commercially available c-DNA arrays testing 82 genes. Hybridization signals were quantified by densitometry and the intensity signal was compared for each gene between ACA and ACC cohorts. RNA was successfully extracted in only four out of 14 cases. Four genes displayed a significantly different expression (ACC/ACA ratio > 1.5 or < 0.6). Heat shock protein 60 (HSP-60) (ratio > 2), Ciclin D1 and topoisomerase I (ratio > 1.5) were overexpressed in the ACC cohort, while jun proto-oncogene was down-regulated. cDNA macroarray analysis from paraffin sections of adrenal tumors is feasible, despite with a low success rate. The different expression of HSP-60, Ciclin D1, jun proto-oncogene and topoisomerase I indicates that these genes may play a role in ACC pathogenesis and could represent potential diagnostic/prognostic/therapeutic target markers. Larger series of patients are necessary to confirm the biologic, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications of these findings.