EFFECT OF EXTRACTANT STRUCTURE ON THIRD PHASE FORMATION IN THE EXTRACTION OF URANIUM AND NITRIC ACID BY N,N-DIALKYL AMIDES

The influence of the molecular structure of amides on the third phase formation in the extraction of uranium and nitric acid was investigated. Nine amides namely, dibutyl hexanamide (DBHA), diisobutyl hexanamide (DiBHA), dibutyl octanamide (DBOA), dihexyl hexanamide (DHHA), dibutyl dodecanamide (DBDA), diisooctyl butanamide (DiOBA), di n-octyl isobutanamide (DOiBA), di n-octyl butanamide (DOBA), and di n-octyl hexanamide (DOHA) were synthesized and used. The limiting organic concentration (LOC) of uranium (VI) for third phase formation was studied as a function of nitric acid concentration using 0.5 M solutions of these amides in dodecane. The LOC for extraction from neutral medium (with near zero free acidity) was also measured at four different temperatures. The LOC values were found to increase in general sulfone has been developed for this process. A UNEX flowsheet consisting of a single solvent extraction cycle has been developed as a part of a collaborative effort between the Khiopin Radium Institute (KRI) and the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). This flowsheet has been demonstrated with actual acidic radioactive tank waste at the INEEL using 24 stages of 2-cm diameter centrifugal contactors installed in a shielded cell facility. The activities of (137)Cs, (90)Sr, and the actinides were reduced to levels at which a grout waste form would meet NRC Class A LLW requirements. The extraction of (99)Tc and several nonradioactive metals by the UNEX solvent has also been evaluated. with an increase in the total number of carbon atoms in the amide from 14 to 22. The LOG values of DBHA (C. No. 14), DiBHA (C. No. 14), DBOA (C. No. 16) were lower compared to that of DHHA (C. No. 18), DBDA (C. No. 20), DOHA (C. No. 22), which have relatively longer carbon chain length. Further it was observed that introduction of branching at the nitrogen side increases the LOC value as compared to the straight chain analogue, as in the case of DiOBA and DiBHA. In the latter case, however, this effect is not very pronounced perhaps due to the smaller carbon chain length. Introduction of branching at the position alpha to the carbonyl group was found to sharply decrease the LOC value due to steric hindrance as can be seen in the case of DOBA and DOiBA. Further, by varying the carbon chain length on both acyl and nitrogen sides, keeping the total carbon number invariant, it was found that the LOC increases considerably on increasing the chain length on the acyl side. On the contrary, the LOC for nitric acid extraction was not influenced significantly by the structure of the amide. Nevertheless, the distribution ratio at the point of dissolution of the third phase was found to decrease with introduction of branching on either end of the amide and more so, if branching was introduced on the acyl end of the amide. sulfone has been developed for this process. A UNEX flowsheet consisting of a single solvent extraction cycle has been developed as a part of a collaborative effort between the Khiopin Radium Institute (KRI) and the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). This flowsheet has been demonstrated with actual acidic radioactive tank waste at the INEEL using 24 stages of 2-cm diameter centrifugal contactors installed in a shielded cell facility. The activities of (137)Cs, (90)Sr, and the actinides were reduced to levels at which a grout waste form would meet NRC Class A LLW requirements. The extraction of (99)Tc and several nonradioactive metals by the UNEX solvent has also been evaluated.