Basal and Flow-Mediated Nitric Oxide Production by Atheromatous Coronary Arteries

Objectives. This study assessed the effects of inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis on epicardial human coronary arteries and on coronary flow velocity during baseline conditions and during atrial pacing. Background. Epicardial coronary artery dilation occurs in response to an increase in heart rate. It is not known whether the dilation of both angiographically normal and diseased epicardial coronary arteries during atrial pacing is nitric oxide dependent in humans. Methods. The effects of an intracoronary infusion (4 μmol/min for 8 min) of NG-monomethyl-image-arginine (imageNMMA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, was studied in 16 patients with coronary artery disease and in 6 patients with normal coronary arteriograms. In all patients atrial pacing was performed during normal saline and during imageNMM infusion. The lumen diameter of epicardial coronary arteries was assessed by quantitative angiography, and changes in blood flow velocity were measured with Doppler catheter. Results. During saline infusion significant increase in the lumen diameter of the proximal (p < 0.05) and distal (p < 0.01) segments of both normal and diseased arteries occurred during atrial pacing. No significant lumen diameter changes occurred in either group when atrial pacing was performed during imageNMM infusion. Stenosis diameter decreased during imageNMM infusion but did not change with atrial pacing either during saline infusion or during imageNMM infusion. The mean percent change in coronary blood flow with atrial pacing was less (p < 0.05) during imageNMM infusion than during saline infusion in both groups. Conclusions. These findings confirm that epicardial coronary artery dilation induced by pacing is nitric oxide dependent. Nitric oxide production contributes to the vasomotor tone of coronary resistance vessels. Nitric oxide is produced at the site of atheromatous stenosis but is unaffected by pacing.