Long-Term Follow-Up of High Risk Cohort After Stent Implantation in Saphenous Vein Grafts

Objectives. We sought to provide short- and long-term clinical outcomes of high risk cohort treated with stents in saphenous vein grafts (SVGs). Background. Dat on the long-term outcome of SVG stenting in high risk patients are limited. Methods. Johnson & Johnson stents were implanted in the SVGs of 186 patients (302 stents, 244 lesions). Ninety percent of patients presented with myocardial infarction (MI) or unstable angin (mean ±SD ejection fraction [EF] 44 ± 11%, patient age 71 ± 9 years, graft age 9.4 ± 5 years). Using risk score classification, 155 patients (83%) were defined as high risk for repeat surgical repair or angioplasty. Results. The procedural success rate was 97.3%, with 2.7% major complications (death, Q wave MI, coronary artery bypass graft surgery [CABG]). Clinical follow-up was obtained in 177 patients (mean 19.1 ± 13.5 months, range 7 to 59). Event rates were 10% for death; 9% for MI; 11% for repeat CABG; and 15% for repeat angioplasty (total events 45%). Kaplan-Meier estimated survival and event-free survival at 4 years were 0.79 ± 0.06 and 0.29 ± 0.07, respectively. Predictors of death were congestive heart failure (p < 0.01) and EF <44% (p < 0.05). Predictors of combined events of death, MI and CABG were low EF (p < 0.01) and high SVG age (>10 years, p < 0.01). There were 66 revascularization procedures (35% of patients), 24% of which were in nontarget lesions. Fifty-three percent of the cardiac events occurred during the first year of follow-up. Of the 160 survivors, 36% were free of angina, 49% were in Canadian Cardiovascular Society functional class I or II, and 15% were in class III or IV. Sixty-nine percent of patients were in class I or II according to the Specific Activity Scale, and 31% of patients were in class III or IV. Conclusions. Balloon-expandable stent implantation in the SVGs of high risk patients is associated with low early complication rate. Expected survival rates are good, as are the anginal and functional classifications, but there is high rate of recurrent events and need for repeat revascularization. Vein graft stenting is an acceptable palliative option in many high risk patients.