Serum 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3), 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and parathormone levels in diabetic retinopathy

Objectives: To investigate whether there is a relationship between serum 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], which is an inhibitor of angiogenesis, concentrations and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Design and methods: Serum 1,25(OH)2D3, 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathormone (PTH) concentrations were measured in diabetic patients (n = 66) and nondiabetic healthy subjects (n = 20). Results: The mean serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration in diabetic patients was lower than that in nondiabetics (57.3 ± 21.44 vs 89.4 ± 18.01 pmol/L, p < 0.001); mean 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations fell with increasing severity of DR [being 63.4 ± 17.26 pmol/L for background DR (BDR), 47.7 ± 13.27 pmol/L for preproliferative DR (pre-PDR), and 43.1 ± 19.45 pmol/L for proliferative DR (PDR)]. Compared with the control group, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were found to be decreased in diabetic patients (p< 0.001).There were negative correlations between 1,25(OH)2D3 and age (r = −0.331, p< 0.01) and duration of diabetes (r = −0.255, p< 0.05). Conclusion: From these findings, it was found that there was an inverse relationship between the severity of the retinopathy, i.e., neovascularization, and serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations, being the lowest in PDR and the highest in diabetic patients without retinopathy (NDR) patients. The measurement of serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations might be helpful to predict severity of DR in patients with diabetes mellitus.